Apparatus fob the waving of the hair



Aug. 30, 1938. F. o. CONILL AI PARATUS FOR THEWAVING OF THE 3A1?Original Filed June 15, 193i Aug. 30, 1938. F. o. comu.

APPARATUS FOR THE WAVING OF THE HAIR s Sheets-Sheet? Original Filed June15, 1932 l l lllf l Aug. so, 1938. v

F. o. CONILL APPARATUS FOR THE WAVING OF IHEI HAIR Original Filed June15, 1932 s Sheets-Sheet s Reissuecl Aug. 30, 1938 UNITED STATES PATENTOFFICE Original No. 1,979,531, dated November 6, 1934, Serial No.617,377, June 15, 1932. Application for reissue August 18, 1936, SerialNo. 96,705. In France November 27, 1931 19 Claims.

The present invention relates to apparatus for the waving of the hair,more particularly for the so-called permanent waving of the hair. Theobject of the invention is to simplify the known apparatus used for thispurpose and to reduce as much as possible the time required for thewaving operation.

The invention employs at least two clamping members, hereinafter calledthe heater and the presser which clamp between them a lock of hair in asimilar manner as the jaws of a curling iron. The characteristic featureof the invention consists in that both the heater and the presser areprovided with perforations upon their clamping surfaces and that steamis circulated through the heater and the presser in series so that itissues through the perforations of the heater, passes through the lockof hair, then enters the presser through the perforations providedtherein and is drawn away from the latter. The passing of the steam inseries through the heater, the hair and the presser has the importantadvantage that no steam or moisture can reach the scalp as the steamissu ng from the heater is sucked in by the 25 presser. The heater is incommunication with a source supplying steam, which may be additionallyheated on the way to the heater and also by a heating device arrangedwithin the heater, and the presser is in continuous communication with asource of suction, for instance, a fan. When the supply .of steam to theheater is stopped, air is drawn into the presser and this air currentcools and dries the hair.

In one construction several heaters and pressers are used which aremounted in a row in a manner similar to the teeth of a comb, thepressers alternating withv the heaters. The pressers are movable to andfro between. the heaters so that each presser can co-operate alternatelywith the two adjacent heaters. In this construction it is not necessaryto wind the hair looks around the heaters as in most permanent hairwaving apparatus. It is suflicient to insert the comb comprising theheaters and pressers into the hair as near as possible to the scalp,produce waves in the locks caught between the heaters and pressers bybringing the heaters and pressers into contact and passing steam throughthem and the locks, then change the relative position of the heaters andpressers and shift the comb along'the locks and produce another set ofwaves in the opposite direction some further distance away from thescalp and the previous set of waves, and so on, sliding 55 the combalong the locks until 1 Whole required number of waves is length ofhair.

In another construction, one heater co-operates with two pressers whichare pressed simultaneously against the two sides of the heater and thehair lock is wound upon the heating member in any known manner, butpreferably in the manner used in the making of a so-called flat wave, inwhich the lock is wound upon a tubular rod from the tip to the root, thecoils lying not side by side, but upon each other.

The heaters and pressers are of course both hollow, and either one orboth are provided with internal electric heating means.

The acompanying drawings show by way of example two constructionsembodying the features of the invention.

Fig. 1 indicates diagrammatically the action of a number of heatingmembers and pressing members upon locks of hair.

Fig. 2 is a diagram showing the various parts of the first constructionof hand operated apparatus in which several heating members and pressingmembers are used, also a motor, a fan, and a steam producing apparatusused in conjunction with the hand operated apparatus.

Fig. 3 shows perspectively a detail of the hand operated apparatusnamely, means for operating a steam distributing valve associated withthe heating members.

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary axial section through a pressing member. 7

Fig. 5 is a topview partly in section, of the hand operated apparatus.

Fig. 6 is a side view corresponding to Fig. 5.

Fig. 7 is a front view corresponding to Fig. 5.

Fig. 8 is a top view of the front portion of the casing showingregulating resistances.

Fig. 9 is a sectional elevation of the second construction of the handoperated apparatus in which also one heating member and two pressing.membars are used. I

Fig. 10 is a plan corresponding to Fig. 9, and

Fig. 11 is a cross section through the heating and pressing members ofFig. 10. 7

Referring to the drawings, Fig. 1 illustrates the manner in which aheating member co-operates With a pressing member. The heating members 2are cylindrical bodies provided with an internal partition wall 3 (seealso Fig. 2) and with a considerable number of small perforations 4. Theheating members are arranged in a row, and between them are arrangedreciprocable pressing members 6 which are also provided withperforations 5 :adapted toregister with the perforaproduced upon thewhole tions 4 and have concave operating faces I, the curvature of whichcorresponds to the curvature of the operating faces of the heatingmembers, whereby locks of hair 8 may be firmly gripped and pressedbetween a heating member 2 and a co-operating pressing member 6, andsteam may be passed from the interior of a heating member and throughthe orifices 4 and 9 into the interior of the pressing member 5 fromwhich it is withdrawn by suction. The pressing members 6 receive areciprocating movement as indicated by the arrow 5 in Fig. 1, so thatthey co-operate alternately each with the pressing member on its leftand then with the pressing right. After the locks have been acted uponon one side during a time suflicient for the drying of the hair, thepressing members 6 are moved say from the left to the right into theposition indicated by dotted lines and the locks are then acted upon onthe other side until they are sufficiently dry. The apparatus is thenlifted in the direction of the arrow l0 and the locks are treated uponthe next following points on which a wave is to be produced and so onuntil the whole lengths of the locks are waved. It will thus be seenthat the locks may be very rapidly waved and dried without the necessityof winding them upon curlers and without any danger to the scalp.

Fig. 2 shows diagrammatically the various parts of the apparatus, moreparticularly the arrangement of the heating members and the pressingmembers upon a common casing, their operation, and the means forsupplying steam to the heating members and for drawing out the steamfrom the locks and through the pressing members.

As may be seen from Fig. 2, the heating members 2 are mounted upon acommon cylindrical base I I which is constructed as a valve casing andcontains an internal corresponding cylindrical valve member l2 formedwith distributing holes l3 and I4 for supplying with steam alternatelythe left and the right hand portions of the heating members 2. Theinterior of the valve member I2 is supplied with steam by means of apipe l5 from a boiler I1, an electrical steam superheater I6 beinginterposed in the pipe l5 for the purposeof superheating or drying thesteam. The

superheater I6 is supplied with electric current from any suitablesource I9, the amount of current supplied being regulable by means of anelectric resistance l8. The valve member I2 is rotated by means of anoutwardly projecting spindle 20 which carries an arm 2| controlled by aspring 2|. The arm carries upon its end an anti-friction roller 22 uponwhich acts a cam 23 carried by a reciprocating member 24. The latter isadapted to be reciprocated by a pin 25 adapted to slide in a slotted arm26 of the member 24. The pin 25 is carried by a rotating disc 21 whichcarries a worm wheel and is actuated by a rotating screw 28. The latterreceives its movement from a flexible shaft 3| of an electric or othermotor 32, a clutch 29 being interposed between the screw 28 and theflexible shaft 3|, said clutch 29 being operable by means of a lever andknob 30.

The reciprocable member 24 is connected with a rod 33 which carriesprojections 34 and a number of springs 35 arranged between theseprojections. The springs bear against lateral lugs 36 of the pressingmembers 6 (Figs. 2 and 4). The projections or pins 34 of thereciprocating rod 33 serve for reciprocating the pressing members, andthe object of the interposed springs 35 is to compensate for the uneventhickness of the looks so that the pressing members may when movedmember on its simultaneously by the rod 33 exert yielding pressures uponthe locks interposed between the pressing members and the heatingmembers. As may be seen from Figs. 2 and 4, the pressing members 6 areslidably mounted upon their upper ends upon a tube 31, the interior ofwhich is in communication by means of a pipe 38 with an air exhaust fan39 or other device for producing under-pressure within the pressingmembers.

Each pressing member 6 is fitted with an elec tric heating resistance 40which are supplied with electric current from the source I9, aregulating resistance 4| being interposed. The heating resistances 40serve to avoid condensation of steam within the pressing members. Thetube 3"! (Fig. 4) upon which the pressing members 6 slide to and fro isprovided with openings 42 which register with corresponding openings 43of the heating members 2, whereby the heating members are in continuouscommunication with the fan 39 or other vacuum producing device. I

The apparatus is provided with a comb 44 (see Fig. 5) having hollowteeth 44 formed with a considerable number of perforations 45. Theseteeth are likewise in communication with the vacuum tube 39 and theyserve for dividing the hair into a number of locks of substantially thesame thickness, and also for cooling the hair and the scalp by theaction of the air drawn through the comb.

The operation of this construction of the invention is as follows:-

The apparatus shown in Figs. 5 and 6 is inserted into the hair as nearas possible to the scalp in a manner similar to a comb so that the comb44 lies flat and tangentially or at a slight angle to the scalp and acertain amount of hair is caught between the pressers 2 and the heaters6, the pressers being in their middle positions between the heaters. Theapparatus is gripped and held with one hand only, the thumb resting uponthe knob of the lever 30 to manipulate the lever as required. As'theapparatus is somewhat heavy, it may, if required, be suspended from theceiling by means of an elastic cord. The operator has the other handfree and he can therefore if necessary by means of an ordinary comb holdsecurely the hair caught between the heaters and pressers should therebe any tendency for same to come out of the apparatus. It will thereforeFig. 5 the portion of the scalp treated may be assumed to lieapproximately in the plane of the drawings underneath the comb 44, andthe hair may be assumed tobe held in a position at right angles to theplane of the drawings between the heaters and the pressers. The hair is,of course, further divided between the heaters and pressers and thescalp by the comb 44, but the position of the locks is determined by theheaters and. pressers only and not by the comb. The operator thenpresses upon the lever 30 whereby the clutch 29 is thrown in and thereciprocable member 24 carrying the pressers 6 is moved say to the rightas far as possible so as to clamp the hair between the pressers 6 andthe heaters 2 located on the right hand side of the pressers. The hairlocated between the pressers and the heaters on the left hand sides ofthe pressers is not clamped atthis stage. The valve 46 controlling thepipe I5 is then opened and steam is caused to enter the valve member I2through the latter into the left hand compartment of the heaters 2, theclamped locks and the co-operating pressers, escaping from the latterinto the fan 39.

be understood that in is working continuously all the time,- as well'as'the heating resistances.

apparatus may be kept by 29 any desired length of upon the nature of thehair treated and other circumstances. The locks are, of course. grippedIn this position the disengaging the clutch with yielding pressure owingto the provision of springs 34. The clutch 29 is then again thrown inand the pressers are movedto the left. At the same time the wholeapparatus is shifted, preferably upwardly so as to slide relatively tothe hair and grip the hair clamped between the pressers and heaters at apoint further remote from the scalp.

It will be seen that at this stage the hair lying between the heatersand the pressers on the left of the heaters will be clamped and treated,whilst the hair previously treated between the pressers and the heaterson the right sides of the pressers will be somewhat released. As thepressers are all'the time in connection with the suction, it will beunderstood that the hair which has justbeen waved between the pressersand the right hand heaters and has been slightly released, will at thesame time be cooled and dried by the air sucked into the pressers.Therefore, hair on one side of the presser will be waved and hair on theother side of the presser will be simultaneously cooled and dried. Itwill also be understood that the steam issues from the heater only onthe side of the heater which is in clamping co-operation with the-presser, inasmuch as at the end of each stroke of the part 24 carryingthepressers, the valve l2 which controls the supply of steam to the twocompartments of each heater is turned into the required position. Itwill also be understood that the hair and the scalp are during the wholeoperation cooled by the action of the perforated comb 44 which iscontinuously in communication with the suction.

The rod 24 moves the pressing member 6 against the heatingmembers '2 bymeans of the rod 33, the pin 34 and the spring 35, the latter actingupon lugs 36 of the heaters.

Figs. 9 to 11 show a construction in which a heating member which servesalso as a curler .co-operates with two pressing members. In thisconstruction 49 indicates a hollow-curler mounted upon a socket 5| whichis adapted to receive a rotary movement by means of a gear 52 carried bythe socket and a gear 53 adapted to berotated through a friction clutch53" from a flexible driving shaft 3|. The friction clutch is operable bymeans of a hand lever 55. The curler carries upon its outer end a comb50 which grips the lock. The lock is then wound by the rotation of thetube 49 upon the latter very rapidly. As soon as the lock is wound uponthe tube, the resistance offered by the hair stops further rotation ofthe tube 49 and the friction clutch no longer transmits movement fromthe shaft 3| to the tube. At the same moment, steam is introducedthrough the nozzle '48into the tube 49 and the pressing members 6 andfrom the latter into the fan or other vacuum producing device. Themembers 6, as in the previous constructions, are connected by a tube 38with a vacuum producing device and the pressing members 6 may beactuated by means of levers 51 which are connected together after themanner of the arms of scissors. The pressing members 6 are slidablymounted upon a tubular member 54. After a sufiicient time has elapsedthe operator stops time, which depends against the heating member,substantially as described.

2. In apparatus combination of: 'a.

pressing member; and meansv pressing the two pressing members againstthe pressing members adapted to cooperate with said heating member; andmeans for circulating steam through the said heating member and the asdescribed.

4. In apparatus substantially as described.

5. In apparatus for the waving of hair the ternal electric heatingresistances provided in the said pressing members, substantially asdescribed.

6. In apparatus for the waving of hair the combination of: a perforatedtubular heating member; two perforated tubular pressing members adaptedto cooperate with said heating member; means for circulating steamthrough a heating member and a pressing member so as to pass through theperforations of these members and a hair look located between themembers, s

member; two perforated circulating means comprising a suction producingfan, substantially as described.

7. In apparatus for the waving of hair the combination of: a number ofheating members and pressing members arranged in one row, the heatingmembers alternating with the pressing members; power operated means foralternately moving the heating members and. the pressing membersrelatively to each other first in the one and then in the otherdirection; and automatic means for alternately passing steam between theleft and right hand portions of the heating members and thecorresponding pressing members, substantially as described.

8. In apparatus for the waving of hair, the combination of: a perforatedtubular heating member; two perforated tubular pressing members adaptedto cooperate with said heating member; means for circulating steamthrough a heating member and a pressing member so as to pass through theperforations of these members and a hair look located between themembers; means for firmly pressing a pressing member against a heatingmember; a comb having perforated teeth; and means for drawing airthrough the teeth of the comb for'the purpose of cooling the hair andthe scalp, substantially as described.

9. In apparatus for the waving of hair, the combination of Z aperforated tubular heating tubular pressing members adapted to cooperatesimultaneously with said tubular heating member; means for circulatingsteam through said heating member and through said pressing members soas topass .through the perforation of these members and a hair looklocated upon the heating member; and power operated means for rotatingthe heating member for the purpose of thereon, substantially asdescribed.

10. In an apparatus for waving hair, a curling member, means to rotatethe curling member to wind a lock of hair thereon, means to stop therotating means when the hair is wound upon the curling member, and meansto heat the lock of hair.

11. In an apparatus for waving hair, a curling member, power actuatedmeans to rotate the curling member to wind a lock of hair thereon, meansto disconnect the power actuated means from the curling member when thehair is wound upon the curling member, and means to heat the lock ofhair.

12. In an apparatus for waving hair, a curling member, power actuatedmeans to rotate the curling member to wind a lock of hair thereon, aclutch associated with the power actuated means and the curling memberfor disconnecting the power actuated means from the curling member whenthe hair is wound upon said member, and means to heat the lock of hair.

13. In an apparatus for waving hair, a curling member, means to rotatethe curling member to wind a lock of hair thereon, means to stop therotating means when the hair is wound on the curling member, means fortransmitting steam throughoutthe lock of hair, and means to superwindinga hair look heat the steam prior to its transmission throughout thehair.

14. In an apparatus for waving hair, a curling member, means to rotatethe curling member to wind a lock of hair thereon, clutch means to stopthe rotating means when the hair is wound on the curling member, meansfor transmitting steam throughout the lock of hair, and electrical meansfor superheating the steam prior to its transmission throughout thehair.

15. In apparatus for the waving of hair, the combination of a tubularheating member adapted to be used as a curler for winding a lock of hairthereon, a pair of tubular pressing members adapted to cooperate withsaid heating member, means for transmitting heat to a hair look woundupon the heating member, and means for moving the pressing members toclamp the lock of hair between said members and the heating member.

16. In an apparatus for waving hair, the combination of a tubularheating member adapted to be used as a curler, a pair of tubularpressing members adapted to cooperate with said heating member, means torotate the said heating member to wind a lock of hair thereon, means forconveying heat to the lock of hair wound upon the heating member, andmeans for moving the pressing members to clamp the lock of hair betweensaid pressing members and the heating member.

17. In an apparatus fo-rwaving hair, the combination of a tubularheating member adapted to be used as a curler, a pair of tubularpressing members adapted to cooperate with said heating member, means torotate said member to wind a lock of hair thereon, means to stop therotating means when the hair is wound on the heating member, means forconveying heat to the lock of hair wound upon the heating member, andmeans for moving the pressing members to clamp the lock of hair betweensaid pressing members and the heating member.

18. In an apparatus for waving hair, the combination of a tubularheating member adapted to be used as a curler, a pair of tubularpressing members adapted to cooperate with said heating member, poweroperated means for rotating said heating member to wind a lock of hairthereon, clutch means to disconnect said heating member from said powermeans when the lock of hair is wound upon the heating member, means forconveying heat to the lock of hair wound upon the heating member, andmeans for moving the pressing members to clamp the lock of hair betweensaid members and the heating member.

19. In an apparatus for waving hair, a curling member, means to connectthe curling member with a source of power for rotating the curlingmember to wind a curl of hair thereon, means to disconnect the curlingmember from the source of power when the hair is completely wound on thecurler, means to heat the lock of hair and means to cool the hair andscalp during the whole waving operation.

FERNAN OSCAR CONILL.

